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Cat with chronic kidney disease and typical symptoms: fatigue, emaciation and dull, shaggy coat. The chronic kidney disease of the cat (CKD or CNE) – also called chronic renal insufficiency (CRI or CNI) or chronic renal failure (CRF) in the older literature – is an incurable, progressive disease characterized by a gradual decrease in the nephrons and thus to a decreasing function ...
Female cats have a larger urethra and rarely become blocked. The following clinical signs may be observed: In the case of full obstruction, unproductive and painful straining with either no urine passed at all or isolated drops produced ("spotting") despite frequent trips to the litter box.
[4] [6] Those with severe disease may require treatment in hospital. [2] In those with certain structural problems of the urinary tract or kidney stones, surgery may be required. [1] [3] Pyelonephritis affects about 1 to 2 per 1,000 women each year and just under 0.5 per 1,000 males.
AKI - the other main type of kidney disease - can be caused by dehydration, blood loss, urinary tract obstructions such as kidney stones or blood clots, low blood pressure, or heart disease. It ...
For men, the signs and symptoms are discharge from the penis, burning or pain when urinating, itching, irritation, or tenderness. In women, the signs and symptoms are discharge from vagina, burning or pain when urinating, anal or oral infections, abdominal pain, or abnormal vaginal bleeding, which may be an indication that the infection has ...
Association between smoking and risk of bladder cancer among men and women. JAMA. 2011. Bladder Cancer Prognosis and Survival Rates. National Cancer Institute. Bladder cancer. Mayo Clinic. Bladder ...
Urinary retention in females is uncommon, occurring 1 in 100,000 every year, with a female-to-male incidence rate of 1:13. It is usually transient. The causes of UR in women can be multi-factorial, and can be postoperative and postpartum. Prompt urethral catheterization usually resolves the problem. [17]
Nephritic syndrome is a syndrome comprising signs of nephritis, which is kidney disease involving inflammation. It often occurs in the glomerulus , where it is called glomerulonephritis . Glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation and thinning of the glomerular basement membrane and the occurrence of small pores in the podocytes of the ...