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Strategic or tactical voting is voting in consideration of possible ballots cast by other voters in order to maximize one's satisfaction with the election's results. [ 1 ] Gibbard's theorem shows that no voting system has a single "always-best" strategy, i.e. one that always maximizes a voter's satisfaction with the result, regardless of other ...
Runoff voting is intended to reduce the potential for eliminating "wasted" votes by tactical voting. Under the plurality voting system (also known as first past the post), voters are encouraged to vote tactically, by voting for only one of the two leading candidates, because a vote for any other candidate will not affect the result. Under ...
Cumulative voting is semi-proportional, allowing for more representative government than winner-take-all elections using block plurality voting or block instant-runoff voting. Cumulative voting is commonly-used in corporate governance, where it is mandated by 7 U.S. states. [3] The method can also be used in participatory budgeting. [4]
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The party-list version of block voting is party block voting (PBV), also called the general ticket, which also elects members by plurality in multi-member districts. In such a system, each party puts forward a slate of candidates, a voter casts just one vote, and the party winning a plurality of votes sees its whole slate elected, winning all ...
During the 1950s, Robin Farquharson published influential articles on voting theory. [16] In an article with Michael Dummett, [17] he conjectures that deterministic voting rules with at least three outcomes are never straightforward tactical voting. [18] This conjecture was later proven independently by Allan Gibbard and Mark Satterthwaite.
There is an overview of voting systems on the "Electoral system" page on English Wikipedia. Ensure that every article has a category: Category:Electoral systems e.g. Single Transferable Vote; Category:Voting theory e.g. Tactical voting; Category:Voting theorists e.g. Marquis de Condorcet; Category:Voting system criteria e.g. Monotonicity criterion
Proponents of other voting methods in single-member districts argue that these would reduce the need for tactical voting and reduce the spoiler effect. Examples include preferential voting systems, such as instant runoff voting, as well as the two-round system of runoffs and less tested methods such as approval voting and Condorcet methods.