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  2. Problem of evil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_evil

    The early version of "deny evil" is called the "privation theory of evil", so named because it described evil as a form of "lack, loss or privation". One of the earliest proponents of this theory was the 2nd-century Clement of Alexandria who, according to Joseph Kelly, [ 64 ] stated that "since God is completely good, he could not have created ...

  3. Best of all possible worlds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_of_all_possible_worlds

    Evil may be said to exist in the same way the hole of a donut exists: the donut was created, but the hole itself was not made, it was just never filled in – it is an absence. [10] And just as the hole could not exist without the donut, evil is parasitic upon good, since it is the corruption of a good nature. "God is infinite, and the devil is ...

  4. Religious responses to the problem of evil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_responses_to_the...

    [11]: 27 The Bible primarily speaks of sin as moral evil rather than natural or metaphysical evil. [11]: 21 The writers of the Bible take the reality of a spiritual world beyond this world and its containment of hostile spiritual forces for granted. While the post-Enlightenment world does not, the "dark spiritual forces" can be seen as "symbols ...

  5. Augustinian theodicy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustinian_theodicy

    The philosopher Peter van Inwagen put forward an original formulation of the Augustinian theodicy in his book The Problem of Evil. Here he suggests that whilst an extended formulation of Augustine's presentation of the free-will theodicy can answer the problems of global human and natural evil, it is incapable of answering what he calls local ...

  6. Irenaean theodicy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irenaean_theodicy

    The doctrine proposes that God is benevolent but suggests that his power is restricted to persuasion, rather than coercion and so is unable to prevent certain evil events from occurring. [38] Process theology accepts God's indirect responsibility for evil, but maintains that he is blameless, and does everything in his power to bring about good ...

  7. Morality and religion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morality_and_religion

    A Georgia State University study published in the academic journal Theoretical Criminology suggests that religion helps criminals to justify their crimes and might "encourage" it. [56] The research concluded that "many street offenders anticipate an early death, making them less prone to delay gratification, more likely to discount the future ...

  8. Christian views on sin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_views_on_sin

    Accordingly Augustine includes two things in the definition of sin; one, pertaining to the substance of a human act, and which is the matter, so to speak, of sin, when he says, word, deed, or desire; the other, pertaining to the nature of evil, and which is the form, as it were, of sin, when he says, contrary to the eternal law.

  9. Theology of John Calvin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theology_of_John_Calvin

    The domination of sin is complete to the point that people are driven to evil. [11] Thus fallen humanity is in need of the redemption that can be found in Christ. But before Calvin expounded on this doctrine, he described the special situation of the Jews who lived during the time of the Old Testament .