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Gas embolism is a diving disorder experienced by underwater divers who breathe gases at ambient pressure, and can happen in two distinct ways: . Pulmonary barotrauma: Air bubbles can enter the bloodstream as a result of gross trauma to the lining of the lung following a rapid ascent while holding the breath; the air held within the lung expands to the point where the tissues tear (pulmonary ...
A US Air Force study reports that there are few occurrences between 5,500 m (18,000 ft) and 7,500 m (24,600 ft) and 87% of incidents occurred at or above 7,500 m (24,600 ft). [32] High-altitude parachutists may reduce the risk of altitude DCS if they flush nitrogen from the body by pre-breathing pure oxygen. [33]
A drip chamber, also known as drip bulb, is a device used to allow gas (such as air) to rise out from a fluid so that it is not passed downstream. It is commonly employed in delivery systems of intravenous therapy and acts to prevent air embolism. [1] [2] The use of a drip chamber also allows an estimate of the rate at which fluid is administered.
Arterial gas embolism is caused by gas in the lungs getting into the pulmonary venous circulation through injuries to the capillaries of the alveoli caused by lung overpressure injury. These bubbles are then circulated to the tissues via the systemic arterial circulation, and may cause blockages directly or indirectly by initiating clotting.
A safety stop can significantly reduce decompression stress as indicated by venous gas emboli, but if remaining in the water to do a safety stop increases risk due to another hazard, such as running out of gas underwater or a significant medical emergency then the overall safety of the diver may be best served by omitting the safety stop.
If the compressed air in a diver's lungs cannot freely escape during an ascent, particularly a rapid one, then the lung tissues may rupture, causing pulmonary barotrauma (PBT). The air may then enter the arterial circulation producing arterial gas embolism (AGE), with effects similar to severe decompression sickness. [7]
Researchers from the University of British Columbia have developed a "groundbreaking coating" that could make blood-contacting devices safer. Dr. Jayachandran Kizhakkedathu discusses the benefits.
Anti-embolism – Worn by non-ambulatory or post-surgical patients to help prevent pooling of blood in the legs that could lead to a venous thrombosis. Custom – Made for a specific individual. Circular knit – Seamless stockings that offer greater aesthetic appeal.