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In addition, acetyl-CoA is a precursor for the biosynthesis of various acetyl-chemicals, acting as an intermediate to transfer an acetyl group during the biosynthesis of those acetyl-chemicals. Acetyl-CoA is also involved in the regulation of various cellular mechanisms by providing acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post ...
Two specific enzymes participate on the carbon monoxide side of the pathway: CO dehydrogenase and acetyl-CoA synthase. The former catalyzes the reduction of the CO 2 and the latter combines the resulting CO with a methyl group to give acetyl-CoA. [1] [2] Some anaerobic bacteria use the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway in reverse to break down acetate.
In enzymology, an acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. 2 acetyl-CoA CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA. Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, acetyl-CoA, and two products, CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase belongs to the thiolase family of enzymes.
Acetyl Co-A can also be used in fatty acid synthesis, and a common function of the synthetase is to produce acetyl Co-A for this purpose. [3] The reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA synthetase takes place in two steps. First, AMP must be bound by the enzyme to cause a conformational change in the active site, which allows the reaction to take place.
It begins with acetyl-CoA and involves the stepwise condensation of two-carbon units, typically derived from malonyl-CoA, to form increasingly longer carbon chains. In fatty acid synthesis, these chains are fully reduced after each elongation step, while in polyketide synthesis, the reduction steps may be partially or completely omitted ...
In enzymology, a peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.88) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. acetyl-CoA + peptide Nalpha-acetylpeptide + CoA. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and peptide, whereas its two products are Nalpha-acetylpeptide and CoA.
In enzymology, an alcohol O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.84) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. acetyl-CoA + an alcohol CoA + an acetyl ester. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and alcohol, whereas its two products are CoA and an acetyl ester.
The enzyme acetyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.1) catalyzes the reaction acetyl-CoA + H 2 O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + acetate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases , specifically those acting on thioester bonds.