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Vibro stone columns or aggregate piers are an array of crushed stone pillars placed with a vibrating tool into the soil below a proposed structure. This method of ground improvement is also called vibro replacement. Such techniques increase the load bearing capacity and drainage of the soil while reducing settlement and liquefaction potential ...
Vibrated stone columns are a ground improvement technique where columns of coarse ... A slurry wall is a barrier built under ground using a mix of bentonite and ...
Early research (Bathurst and Jarrett, 1988) [13] found that cellular confinement reinforced gravel bases are "equivalent to about twice the thickness of unreinforced gravel bases" and that geocells performed better than single sheet reinforcement schemes (geotextiles and geogrids) and were more effective in reducing lateral spreading of infill under loading than conventional reinforced bases.
The deep soil mixing columns are typically 0.6 to 2.4 m in diameter and depths of up to 50m can be reached depending on the nature of the ground conditions and the technique employed. [1] Steel reinforcement can be inserted into fresh soil-mix to increase bending resistance of deep soil mixing columns used for excavation control. [2]
In Europe, sizing ranges are specified as d/D, where the d shows the smallest and D shows the largest square mesh grating that the particles can pass. Application-specific preferred sizings are covered in European Standard EN 13043 for road construction, EN 13383 for larger armour stone, EN 12620 for concrete aggregate, EN 13242 for base layers of road construction, and EN 13450 for railway ...
Bretonstone, also known as vibro-compression under vacuum, is a formerly-patented technology [2] [3] invented in the early-1970s [citation needed] by Breton S.p.A. [4]Nowadays most manufacturers of engineered stone use similar technology, typically involving quartz and a resin binder combined under vacuum, and compressed under heat into a desired form such as a countertop slab.
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Stonemasonry – Creation of buildings, structures, and sculpture using stone; Tabby concrete – A type of concrete using lime from burnt shell, sometimes considered earthen architecture; Underground living – Living below the ground's surface; Yaodong – Form of earth shelter dwelling in the Loess Plateau, Chinese cave dwellings
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