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Around 6% of infants have congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, or dacryostenosis, usually experiencing a persistent watery eye even when not crying. If a secondary infection occurs (dacryocystitis), purulent (yellow / green) discharge may be present. Most cases resolve spontaneously, with antibiotics reserved only if conjunctivitis occurs.
Dacryocystitis is an infection of the lacrimal sac, secondary to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct at the junction of the lacrimal sac. [1] The term derives from Greek dákryon 'tear' cysta 'sac' and -itis 'inflammation'. [2] It causes pain, redness, and swelling over the inner aspect of the lower eyelid and epiphora.
Mitral valve repair is mainly used to treat stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leakage) of the mitral valve. [citation needed] A mitral balloon valvuloplasty enlarges the valve opening to allow greater oxygenated blood flow into the left ventricle, and since severe mitral regurgitation can be a major complication, degrees of stenosis, regurgitation, and valve anatomical features are taken ...
Dr. Davis emphasizes that valve damage is not only caused by poor dietary habits, explaining, “Diet is often talked about in connection to heart disease, but valve damage has different causes.
Mitral valve stenosis, which is the thickening of the mitral valve (of the left heart), therefore causing narrowing; Tricuspid valve stenosis, which is the thickening of the tricuspid valve (of the right heart), therefore causing narrowing; Aortic valve stenosis, which is the thickening of the aortic valve, therefore causing narrowing
Valve failure or dysfunction can result in diminished heart functionality, though the particular consequences are dependent on the type and severity of valvular disease. Treatment of damaged valves may involve medication alone, but often involves surgical valve repair or valve replacement. [citation needed]
This can lead to cardiac hypertrophy, dilatation of the heart, and ultimately heart failure in some cases. [1] The right side of the heart is much smaller and weaker than the left side of the heart. It pumps de-oxygenated blood into the lungs. The left side of the heart is more muscular than the right side of the heart.
Tissue heart valves are usually made from animal tissue (heterografts) mounted on a metal or polymer support. [14] Bovine (cow) tissue is most commonly used, but some are made from porcine (pig) tissue. [15] The tissue is treated to prevent rejection and calcification (where calcium builds up on the replacement valve and stops it working ...