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Muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) was originally coined in 1983 by Morrison [2] and describes a dysphonia caused by increased muscle tension of the muscles surrounding the voice box: the laryngeal and paralaryngeal muscles. [3] MTD is a unifying diagnosis for a previously poorly categorized disease process.
A common misdiagnosis is muscle tension dysphonia, a functional voice disorder that results from use of the voice, rather than a structural abnormality. [27] [28] Some parameters can help guide the clinician towards a decision. In muscle tension dysphonia, the vocal folds are typically hyperadducted in a constant way, not in a spasmodic way. [29]
A hoarse voice, also known as dysphonia or hoarseness, [1] is when the voice involuntarily sounds breathy, raspy, or strained, or is softer in volume or lower in pitch. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ clarification needed ] A hoarse voice can be associated with a feeling of unease or scratchiness in the throat. [ 2 ]
Voice disorders [1] are medical conditions involving abnormal pitch, loudness or quality of the sound produced by the larynx and thereby affecting speech production. These include: Vocal fold nodules; Vocal fold cysts; Vocal cord paresis; Reinke's edema; Spasmodic dysphonia; Foreign accent syndrome; Bogart–Bacall syndrome; Laryngeal ...
Laryngology is a branch of medicine that deals with disorders, diseases and injuries of the larynx, colloquially known as the voice box.Laryngologists treat disorders of the larynx, including diseases that affects the voice, swallowing, or upper airway.
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There seems to be a missing source when the author compares to symptoms of adductor spasmodic dysphonia and stuttering: "These spasms make it difficult for the vocal folds to vibrate and produce voice. Words are often cut off or are difficult to start because of the muscle spasms. Therefore, speech may be choppy but differs from stuttering."
Different patterns of muscle weakness or hyperactivity can occur based on the location of the lesion, causing a multitude of neurological symptoms, including spasticity, rigidity, or dystonia. [ 3 ] Spastic hypertonia involves uncontrollable muscle spasms , stiffening or straightening out of muscles, shock-like contractions of all or part of a ...