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The military machine Napoleon the artilleryman had created was perfectly suited to fight short, violent campaigns, but whenever a long-term sustained effort was in the offing, it tended to expose feet of clay. [...] In the end, the logistics of the French military machine proved wholly inadequate. The experiences of short campaigns had left the French supply services completed unprepared for ...
The battle began with the French army outnumbered. Napoleon had some 72,000 men and 157 guns for the impending battle, with about 7,000 troops under Davout still far to the south in the direction of Vienna. [65] [66] The Allies had about 85,000 soldiers, seventy percent of them Russian, and 318 guns. [65] At first, Napoleon was not confident of ...
The second strategy used by Napoleon when confronted with two or more enemy armies was the use of the central position. This allowed Napoleon to drive a wedge to separate the enemy armies. He would then use part of his force to mask one army while the larger portion overwhelmed and defeated the second army quickly.
Napoleon came up with what became known as the Smolensk maneuver, a masterful operation designed to outflank Barclay from the south, cut off the Russians from Moscow and destroy the isolated Russian army, thus bringing the war to an end. [10] [12] The action at Inkovo on 7 August was seen by Napoleon as heralding an immediate Russian attack.
Napoleon with the French Grande Armée began his invasion of Russia on 24 June 1812 by crossing the Niemen. [17] As his Russian army was outnumbered by far, Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly successfully used a "delaying operation", defined as an operation in which a force under pressure trades space for time by slowing down the enemy's momentum and inflicting maximum damage on the enemy ...
Russian key victory 9 November 1812 Battle of Liaskowa: Smolensk First French Empire Russian Empire: Russian victory 13 November 1812 Battle of Nowo Schwerschen: Minsk: Lithuanian PGC Duchy of Warsaw Russian Empire: Russian victory 13–14 November 1812 Battle of Smoliani: Vitebsk First French Empire Russian Empire: Russian victory 14–16 ...
1812 Napoleon's Russian Campaign, Richard K. Riehn, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., ISBN 978-0-471-54302-2 With Napoleon In Russia , Armand de Caulaincourt, William Morrow & Co., ISBN 978-0-486-44013-2 Narrative of Events during the Invasion of Russia by Napoleon Bonaparte, and the Retreat of the French Army, 1812 , Sir Robert Wilson, Elibron Classics ...
The forces immediately facing Napoleon consisted of three armies, [44] operating around the Western Dvina, the Dnieper and the Bug (river), comprising 175–250,000 Russians and 15,000 Cossacks, with 938 guns as follows: Minister of War Mikhail Barclay de Tolly served as the Commander in Chief of the Russian