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Vaccines for the prevention of hepatitis B have been routinely recommended for babies since 1991 in the United States. [71] The first dose is generally recommended within a day of birth. [72] The hepatitis B vaccine was the first vaccine capable of preventing cancer, specifically liver cancer. [73]
HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) was the first hepatitis B virus protein to be discovered. [15] It consists of small (S), medium (M) and large (L) protein. [16] HBcAg (hepatitis B core antigen) is the main structural protein of HBV icosahedral nucleocapsid and it has function in replication of the virus. [17]
The presence of surface antibody (anti-HBs) indicates an individual with immunity to hepatitis B, whether due to previously resolved infection or due to hepatitis B vaccination. [65] For example, an individual who has never had any exposure to HBV, either by vaccine or by infection, would test negative for the entire serology panel.
A precore mutant is a variety of hepatitis B virus that does not produce hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg). [1] These mutants are important because infections caused by these viruses are difficult to treat, [ 2 ] and can cause infections of prolonged duration and with a higher risk of liver cirrhosis. [ 3 ]
Most chemistry, endocrine and serology tests, including hepatitis and HIV. Orange Clot activator and serum separating gel [5] Rapid serum-separating tube (RST). Dark green Sodium heparin (anticoagulant) Chromosome testing, HLA typing, ammonia, lactate: Light green Lithium heparin (anticoagulant) Plasma separator gel Plasma. Tube inversions ...
Patients who developed antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBsAg seroconversion) are usually considered non-infectious. HBsAg detection by immunoassay is used in blood screening, to establish a diagnosis of hepatitis B infection in the clinical setting (in combination with other disease markers) and to monitor antiviral treatment.
HBeAg is a hepatitis B viral protein, produced by the HBcAg reading frame. It is an indicator of active viral replication ; this means the person infected with Hepatitis B can likely transmit the virus on to another person (i.e. the person is infectious).
Serology; Molecular diagnostics; References This page was last edited on 4 January 2024 ... Toggle the table of contents. Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections.