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The term outsourcing, which came from the phrase outside resourcing, originated no later than 1981 at a time when industrial jobs in the United States were being moved overseas, contributing to the economic and cultural collapse of small, industrial towns. [4] [5] [6] In some contexts, the term smartsourcing is also used. [7]
The term nearshoring derives from offshoring. When combined with outsourcing, nearshore outsourcing, the nearshore workers are not employees of the company for which the work is performed. Nearshoring can involve business strategy to locate operations close to where product is sold.
Viviana A. Rotman Zelizer (born January 19, 1946) is an Argentinian sociologist and the Lloyd Cotsen '50 Professor of Sociology at Princeton University. She is an economic sociologist who focuses on the attribution of cultural and moral meaning to the economy. A constant theme in her work is the economic valuation of the sacred, as found in ...
Crowdsourcing is not limited to online activity, however, and there are various historical examples of crowdsourcing. The word crowdsourcing is a portmanteau of "crowd" and "outsourcing". [1] [2] [3] In contrast to outsourcing, crowdsourcing usually involves less specific and more public groups of participants. [4] [5] [6]
The Regulation School preferred the term After-Fordism (or the French Après-Fordisme) to denote that what comes after Fordism was or is not clear. [17] In Post-Fordist economies: [17] New information technologies are important. Products are marketed to niche markets rather than in mass consumption patterns based on social class.
Agency has also been defined in the American Journal of Sociology as a temporally embedded process that encompasses three different constitutive elements: iteration, projectivity and practical evaluation. [3] Each of these elements is a component of agency as a whole.
The first woman was elected to lead a country 64 years ago. Here’s a look at where, and when, women have secured national leadership positions since then.
Since the 1970s, multinational businesses have increasingly relied on outsourcing and subcontracting across vast geographical spaces, due to the global nature of supply chains and the production of intermediate products. Firms also engage in inter-firm alliances and rely on foreign research and development.