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In 1975, Eastern Coalfields Limited, a subsidiary of Coal India Limited, was formed. It took over all the earlier private collieries in Raniganj Coalfield. [2] Raniganj Coalfield covers an area of 443.50 km 2 (171.24 sq mi) and has total coal reserves of 49.17 billion tonnes, spread across Indian states of West Bengal and Jharkhand. [2]
Outside the Damodar Valley, Satpura Gondwana Basin is the only area where coking coal is found in India. [2] [3] The Pench Kanhan Valley Coalfield is situated 30 km (19 mi) to the northwest of Chhindwara. While Pench Valley has five seams in a column of 50-80 m thickness, the coal belt in the Kanhan valley stretches for about 25 km (16 mi).
A coalfield is an area of certain uniform characteristics where coal is mined. The criteria for determining the approximate boundary of a coalfield are geographical and cultural, in addition to geological. A coalfield often groups the seams of coal, railroad companies, cultural groups, and watersheds and other geographical considerations.
Coal in India has been mined since 1774, and India is the second largest producer and consumer of coal after China, mining 997 million metric tons (1,099 million short tons) in FY 2023-24. Around 20% of coal is imported.
According to the Geological Survey of India, Godavari Valley Coalfield has total reserves (as on 1 January 2004) of 16,697.26 million tonnes of non-coking coal, up to a depth of 1,200 m, out of which 8091.10 million tonnes are proved reserves and the rest being indicated or inferred. A large portion of the coal is up to a depth of 300 m. [4]
Coal mining activities were initiated in Giridih by private owners in 1857, making it the earliest coal mine in Bihar/Jharkhand. East Indian Railway started organised mining in 1896. The ownership of the coalfield was handed over to the state collieries in 1936 and then transferred to National Coal Development Corporation in 1956.
Coal preparation, or washing as it is commonly referred to, is both economical and environmentally beneficial. [17] Coal washeries are being established in Korba Coalfields. ACB (India) had set up a washery at Dipka in 1999, gradually upgrading capacity from 1 million tonnes per annum to 12 million tonnes per annum. [18]
Jharia coalfield is a large coal field located in the east of India in Jharia, Dhanbad, Jharkhand. Jharia represents the largest coal reserves in India having estimated reserves of 19.4 billion tonnes of coking coal. [1] The coalfield is an important contributor to the local economy, employing much of the local population either directly or ...