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Image 1: Insertion of a separator on a dental model. To enable the stainless steel crown to be placed on the tooth, there must be sufficient space between the teeth. If this space is not currently available, orthodontic separators may be placed between the tooth indicated for the Hall Technique and adjacent teeth (see image 1). [26]
In such a case LLA prevents the permanent molars from migrating mesially (forward) thus blocking off the eruption space for the premolar teeth. LLA is also used in order to maintain the so-called "Leeway space", which is the extra space available in the arch when the deciduous molars are exfoliated and replaced by smaller permanent premolars. [1]
Universal numbering system. This is a dental practitioner view, so tooth number 1, the rear upper tooth on the patient's right, appears on the left of the chart. The Universal Numbering System, sometimes called the "American System", is a dental notation system commonly used in the United States. [1] [2]
Prostheses which set teeth outside this zone risk problems such as discomfort, cheek or tongue biting, and instability of the denture. The neutral zone is also important in orthodontics. Moving teeth outside of this zone means that the muscular forces on the teeth will be out of balance in one direction, and tend to be more likely to relapse to ...
Tanaka and Johnston analysis is a mixed dentition analysis which allows one to estimate the space available in an arch for the permanent teeth to erupt. This analysis was developed by Marvin M. Tanaka and Lysle E. Johnston in 1974 after they conducted a study on 506 orthodontic patients done in Cleveland at the Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine.
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Emerson C. Angell was the first person to publish a paper about palatal expansion in 1860 in Dental Cosmos. He placed a screw between the maxillary premolars of a 14-year-old girl for two weeks. When she returned, he observed expansion in her upper arch. In 1877, Walter Coffin developed the Coffin Spring for the purpose of arch expansion.
Coupland's elevators (also known as chisels) [1] [2] are instruments commonly used for dental extraction. They are used in sets of three each of increasing size and are used to split multi-rooted teeth and are inserted between the bone and tooth roots and rotated to elevate them out of the sockets. [ 3 ]