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Traditionally, urban planning followed a top-down approach in master planning the physical layout of human settlements. [2] The primary concern was the public welfare, [1] [2] which included considerations of efficiency, sanitation, protection and use of the environment, [1] as well as effects of the master plans on the social and economic ...
Planning according to established principles - most notably since the early-20th century [2] - forms a core part of many professional occupations, particularly in fields such as management and business. Once people have developed a plan, they can measure and assess progress, efficiency and effectiveness. As circumstances change, plans may need ...
[1] [2] The level of centralization or decentralization in decision-making and participation depends on the specific type of planning mechanism employed. [ 3 ] Socialist states based on the Soviet model have used central planning, although a minority such as the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia have adopted some degree of market ...
Near the end of an earnings season that has seen many mortgage REITs suffer stunning book value deterioration, the second-quarter earnings report from Two Harbors Investment is like a breath of ...
The rational planning model is used in planning and designing neighborhoods, cities, and regions. It has been central in the development of modern urban planning and transportation planning . The model has many limitations, particularly the lack of guidance on involving stakeholders and the community affected by planning, and other models of ...
In such a socialist society based on economic planning, the primary function of the state apparatus changes from one of political rule over people (via the creation and enforcement of laws) into a technical administration of production, distribution and organization; that is, the state would become a coordinating economic entity rather than a ...
Communicative planning is an approach to urban planning that gathers stakeholders and engages them in a process to make decisions together in a manner that respects the positions of all involved. [1] It is also sometimes called collaborative planning among planning practitioners or collaborative planning model.
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