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Californium-252 production diagram. Californium-252 (Cf-252, 252 Cf) undergoes spontaneous fission with a branching ratio of 3.09% and is used in small neutron sources. Fission neutrons have an energy range of 0 to 13 MeV with a mean value of 2.3 MeV and a most probable value of 1 MeV. [11]
252 Cf is a very strong neutron emitter, which makes it extremely radioactive and harmful. [24] [25] [26] 252 Cf, 96.9% of the time, alpha decays to curium-248; the other 3.1% of decays are spontaneous fission. [11] One microgram (μg) of 252 Cf emits 2.3 million neutrons per second, an average of 3.7 neutrons per spontaneous fission. [27]
252 Cf(10 B,xn) 262−x Lr (x=4,6) This reaction was first studied in 1961 at the University of California by Albert Ghiorso by using a californium target (52% 252 Cf). They observed three alpha activities of 8.6, 8.4 and 8.2 MeV, with half-lives of about 8 and 15 seconds, respectively.
For example, the third atom of nihonium-278 synthesised underwent six alpha decays down to mendelevium-254, [2] followed by an electron capture (a form of beta decay) to fermium-254, [2] and then a seventh alpha to californium-250, [2] upon which it would have followed the 4n + 2 chain (radium series) as given in this article.
Some isotopes undergo spontaneous fission (SF) with emission of neutrons.The most common spontaneous fission source is the isotope californium-252. 252 Cf and all other SF neutron sources are made by irradiating uranium or a transuranic element in a nuclear reactor, where neutrons are absorbed in the starting material and its subsequent reaction products, transmuting the starting material into ...
251 Cf 252 Es 253 Fm 254 Md 255 No 256 Lr 257 Rf 258 Db 259 Sg 260 Bh ... An example of free Universal Nuclide Chart with decay information for over 3000 nuclides is ...
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Decay scheme of 60 Co. These relations can be quite complicated; a simple case is shown here: the decay scheme of the radioactive cobalt isotope cobalt-60. [1] 60 Co decays by emitting an electron with a half-life of 5.272 years into an excited state of 60 Ni, which then decays very fast to the ground state of 60 Ni, via two gamma decays.