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Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a form of depression that may occur after a stroke. PSD significantly impacts stroke recovery and the overall quality of life of those affected. It is particularly associated with strokes affecting the basal ganglia or the anterior regions of the brain, including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
In medicine, not otherwise specified (NOS) is a subcategory in systems of disease/disorder classification such as ICD-9, ICD-10, or DSM-IV.It is generally used to note the presence of an illness where the symptoms presented were sufficient to make a general diagnosis, but where a specific diagnosis was not made.
Catatonia is a complex syndrome, most commonly seen in people with underlying mood (e.g major depressive disorder) or psychotic disorders (e.g schizophrenia). [2] [3] People with catatonia have abnormal movement and behaviors, which vary from person to person and fluctuate in intensity within a single episode. [4]
Catatonic depression is underdiagnosed and may impact up to 38% of acute psychiatric patients, as it creates particular symptoms as indicated above and necessitates a specific treatment approach with an emphasis on medications to relieve symptoms. [1] Catatonia affects over 10% of all persons hospitalized to psychiatric facilities.
The ACDU scale, like AVPU, is easier to use than the GCS and produces similarly accurate results. [10] Using ACDU, a patient is assessed for alertness, confusion, drowsiness, and unresponsiveness. [10] The Grady Coma Scale classes people on a scale of I to V along a scale of confusion, stupor, deep stupor, abnormal posturing, and coma. [9]
In the DSM-5, it is called unspecified depressive disorder. Examples of disorders in this category include those sometimes described as minor depressive disorder and recurrent brief depression. "Depression" refers to a spectrum of disturbances in mood that vary from mild to severe and from short periods to constant illness. [1]
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) refers to the diagnosis as "Other dissociative and conversion disorders". [2] Under the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) , it was known as " Dissociative disorder not otherwise specified " ( DDNOS ).
The main cause is total necrosis of the cerebral neurons following loss of brain oxygenation. After brain death the patient lacks any sense of awareness; sleep-wake cycles or behavior, and typically look as if they are dead or are in a deep sleep-state or coma. Although visually similar to a comatose state such as persistent vegetative state ...