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Laryngectomy is the removal of the larynx. In a total laryngectomy, the entire larynx is removed (including the vocal folds, hyoid bone, epiglottis, thyroid and cricoid cartilage and a few tracheal cartilage rings) with the separation of the airway from the mouth, nose and esophagus. [1] In a partial laryngectomy, only a portion of the larynx ...
Laryngeal cancer may spread by: direct extension to adjacent structures, metastasis to regional cervical lymph nodes, or via the blood stream. The most common site of distant metastases is the lung. Laryngeal cancer occurred in 177,000 people in 2018, and resulted in 94,800 deaths (an increase from 76,000 deaths in 1990).
Laryngeal cancer is strongly associated with tobacco smoking. [citation needed] Surgery can include laser excision of small vocal cord lesions, partial laryngectomy (removal of part of the larynx), or total laryngectomy (removal of the whole larynx). If the whole larynx has been removed, the person is left with a permanent tracheostomy.
Transoral laser microsurgery allows surgeons to remove tumors from the voice box with no external incisions and is especially applied to HPV-mediated oropharynx malignancy (tonsils, base of tongue). It also allows access to tumors that are not reachable with robotic surgery and is significantly conserving of normal tissue.
Cancer can be considered a very large and exceptionally heterogeneous family of malignant diseases, with squamous-cell carcinomas comprising one of the largest subsets. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 21 ] All SCC lesions are thought to begin via the repeated, uncontrolled division of cancer stem cells of epithelial lineage or characteristics.
The main treatment at this stage is radiation, targeting the tumor and the cervical lymph nodes. Surgical removal of the tumor and lymphadenectomy of the cervical (neck) lymph nodes can also be taken up at the main treatment method instead of radiation. And remaining cancer cells post surgery are treated with chemoradiation. [citation needed]
Cordectomy is the surgical removal of a cord. It usually refers to removal of one or both vocal cords, often for the purpose of treating laryngeal cancer. [1] [2] The word is derived from the Greek, combining chorde and ektome meaning excision. It can be carried out by traditional surgical techniques or, increasingly, by carbon dioxide laser. [3]
Hypopharyngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant cells grow in the hypopharynx (also known as the laryngopharynx) the area where the larynx and esophagus meet. [ 1 ] It first forms in the outer layer ( epithelium ) of the hypopharynx (last part of the pharynx), which is split into three areas.
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