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Anaphylatoxins, or complement peptides, are fragments (C3a, C4a and C5a) that are produced as part of the activation of the complement system. [2] Complement components C3, C4 and C5 are large glycoproteins that have important functions in the immune response and host defense. [ 3 ]
One can interpret the CH50 value along with the individual's complement factor values to help determine the etiology. For example, if and individual has normal C3/C4 values but a decreased CH50, that can indicate a terminal complement pathway deficiency while if one has low C3 and CH50 values that can indicate an autoimmune condition such as ...
Complement component 4 (C4), in humans, is a protein involved in the intricate complement system, originating from the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. It serves a number of critical functions in immunity, tolerance, and autoimmunity with the other numerous components.
12268 Ensembl ENSG00000244207 ENSG00000206340 ENSG00000244731 ENSG00000227746 ENSMUSG00000073418 UniProt P0C0L4 P01029 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001252204 NM_007293 NM_009780 RefSeq (protein) NP_001239133 NP_009224 NP_033910 Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 31.98 – 32 Mb Chr 17: 34.95 – 34.96 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Complement C4-A is a kind of the Complement component 4 ...
Complement control proteins are proteins that interact with components of the complement system. The complement system is tightly regulated by a network of proteins known as "regulators of complement activation (RCA)" that help distinguish target cells as "self" or "non-self."
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), also known as complement-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (not to be confused with hemolytic–uremic syndrome), is an extremely rare, life-threatening, progressive disease that frequently has a genetic component. In most cases, it can be effectively controlled by interruption of the complement cascade.
Obesity in turn results in an abnormally high level of complement activation via production of the C1 component of the classical pathway, which can lead to tissue inflammation and eventually insulin resistance, however the exact mechanisms that causes this is yet unknown. [8]
Each C4 gene contains 41 exons and has a dichotomous size variation (existence of two distinct sizes) between approximately 22 kb and 16 kb, with the longer variant being the result of the integration of the endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(C4) into intron 9. [10] [3] The RCCX module is the most complex gene cluster in the human genome.