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Examples of Catholics who before the First Vatican Council disbelieved in papal infallibility are French abbé François-Philippe Mesenguy (1677–1763), who wrote a catechism denying the infallibility of the pope, [78] and the German Felix Blau (1754–1798), who as professor at the University of Mainz criticized infallibility without a ...
The infallibility of the Church is the belief that the Holy Spirit preserves the Christian Church from errors that would contradict its essential doctrines. It is related to, but not the same as, indefectibility, that is, "she remains and will remain the Institution of Salvation, founded by Christ, until the end of the world ."
In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Catholic Church, [1] and in the teachings of the Church Fathers which undergirds the theology of those communions, economy or oeconomy (Greek: οἰκονομία, oikonomia) has several meanings. [2]
The decisions of ecumenical councils, approved by the pope, are binding upon all the clergy and laity, subject to papal regulation. [ 1 ] Lesser councils also play a part in the governance of the Catholic Church.
Because the 1870 definition is not seen by Catholics as a creation of the Church, but as the dogmatic definition of a truth about the Church Magisterium, Papal teachings made prior to the 1870 proclamation can, if they meet the criteria set out in the dogmatic definition, be considered infallible. Ineffabilis Deus is an example of this.
Because of the complexity in defining infallibility, some Protestant and non-denominational views confuse papal infallibility with impeccability, as if the Pope were immune from sin. [6] This is not the Catholic Church's doctrine, which concedes that Popes can sin and may even contradict one another's personal theological opinions. [4]
In the 16th century, Erasmus controversially suggested, from historical evidence, the reality of the development of doctrine in some important areas: examples being papal supremacy ("I have never doubted about the sovereignty of the Pope, but whether this supremacy was recognised in the time of St. Jerome, I have my doubts" [1]: 197 ) and the Trinity and filioque ("We (now) dare to call the ...
1881 illustration depicting papal infallibility Some, such as the former Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger , have claimed the Catholic social teaching of subsidiarity can overrun ultramontanism and has the potential to decentralize the Catholic Church, [ 11 ] whereas others defend it as merely a bureaucratic adjustment to give more pastoral ...