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Design of a cloth antimacassar Armchair with antimacassar-Sheffield Mayors Parlour Antimacassars on rail carriage seats. An antimacassar / ˌ æ n t ɪ m ə ˈ k æ s ər / is a small cloth placed over the backs or arms of chairs, or the head or cushions of a sofa, to prevent soiling of the permanent fabric underneath. [1]
A biological system is a complex network which connects several biologically relevant entities. Biological organization spans several scales and are determined based different structures depending on what the system is. [1] Examples of biological systems at the macro scale are populations of organisms.
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
The prominent geneticist Jaroslav Kříženecký (1896–1964) criticized Lysenkoism in his lectures, and was dismissed from the Agricultural University in 1949 for "serving the established capitalistic system, considering himself superior to the working class, and being hostile to the democratic order of the people"; he was imprisoned in 1958.
The immune system is a network of biological systems that protects an organism from diseases. It detects and responds to a wide variety of pathogens , from viruses to bacteria , as well as cancer cells , parasitic worms , and also objects such as wood splinters , distinguishing them from the organism's own healthy tissue .
A biological systems engineer has a background in what both environmental engineers and biologists do, thus bridging the gap between engineering and the (non-medical) biological sciences – although this is variable across academic institutions.
However, a great deal of current experimental work is devoted to synthetic systems such as artificial self-propelled particles. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Active matter is a relatively new material classification in soft matter : the most extensively studied model, the Vicsek model , dates from 1995.
In evolutionary biology, robustness of a biological system (also called biological or genetic robustness [1]) is the persistence of a certain characteristic or trait in a system under perturbations or conditions of uncertainty. [2] [3] Robustness in development is known as canalization.