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Vertebral hemangiomas or haemangiomas (VHs) are a common vascular lesion found within the vertebral body of the thoracic and lumbar spine. These are predominantly benign lesions that are often found incidentally during radiology studies for other indications and can involve one or multiple vertebrae.
The corduroy sign reflects the characteristic trabecular changes caused by the hemangioma, namely, thinning of trabeculae as well as thickened vertical struts, resulting from compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining trabeculae to maintain structural integrity. These vertical trabecular striations give rise to the "corduroy" appearance on imaging.
The polka dot sign is a radiological finding most commonly observed on axial computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the spine. [1] It is a hallmark feature of vertebral hemangiomas, a benign vascular tumor of the vertebral body.
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A hemangioma or haemangioma is a usually benign vascular tumor derived from blood vessel cell types. The most common form, seen in infants, is an infantile hemangioma , known colloquially as a "strawberry mark", most commonly presenting on the skin at birth or in the first weeks of life.
Infantile hemangioma is the most common vascular tumor. It is a benign tumor, which occurs in 4-5% of Caucasian infants, but rarely in dark skinned infants. [6] It occurs in 20% of low weight premature infants and 2.2 to 4.5 times more frequently in females. [7]
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Infantile hemangiomas are the most common type of vascular tumor to affect babies, [4] accounting for 90% of hemangiomas. [5] They are characterised by the abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells and of deviant blood vessel formation or architecture. [6] Hypoxic stress seems to be a major trigger for this. [7]