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  2. Builder's Old Measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Builder's_Old_Measurement

    100 the divisor is unitless, so tonnage would be expressed in 'ft 3 of tun'. [1] In 1678 Thames shipbuilders used a method assuming that a ship's burden would be 3/5 of its displacement. Since tonnage is calculated by multiplying length × beam × draft × block coefficient, all divided by 35 ft 3 per ton of seawater, the resulting formula ...

  3. Material take off - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_take_off

    Material take off is not limited to the amount of required material, but also the weight of the items taken off. This is important when dealing with larger structures, allowing the company that does the take off to determine total weight of the item and how best to move the item (if necessary) when construction is completed.

  4. Rolling (metalworking) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_(metalworking)

    Rolling schematic view Rolling visualization. In metalworking, rolling is a metal forming process in which metal stock is passed through one or more pairs of rolls to reduce the thickness, to make the thickness uniform, and/or to impart a desired mechanical property.

  5. Ladle (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladle_(metallurgy)

    Large versions, often having capacities in excess of 100 tonnes (98 long tons; 110 short tons) are used in steel mills are often referred to as torpedo ladles. [citation needed] Torpedo ladles are commonly used to transport liquid iron from a blast furnace to another part of the steel mill. Some versions are even adapted so that they can be ...

  6. Basic oxygen steelmaking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_oxygen_steelmaking

    The first oxygen converters in the US were launched at the end of 1954 by McLouth Steel in Trenton, Michigan, which accounted for less than 1% of the national steel market. [3] U.S. Steel and Bethlehem Steel introduced the oxygen process in 1964. [3] By 1970, half of the world's and 80% of Japan's steel output was produced in oxygen converters. [3]

  7. Bending (metalworking) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bending_(metalworking)

    This bending method forms material by pressing a punch (also called the upper or top die) into the material, forcing it into a bottom V-die, which is mounted on the press. The punch forms the bend so that the distance between the punch and the side wall of the V is greater than the material thickness (T).

  8. Ultimate tensile strength - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength

    The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen.However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.

  9. Ton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ton

    To simplify measurement it is determined by measuring the volume, rather than weight, of water displaced, and calculating the weight from the volume and density. [15] For practical purposes the displacement ton (DT) is a unit of volume, 35 cubic feet (0.9911 m 3 ), the approximate volume occupied by one ton of seawater (the actual volume varies ...