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Cerebral edema is commonly seen in a variety of brain injuries including ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, subdural, epidural, or intracerebral hematoma, hydrocephalus, brain cancer, brain infections, low blood sodium levels, high altitude, and acute liver failure.
A non-contrast CT of the head should be performed immediately in all those who have sustained a moderate or severe head injury. A CT is an imaging technique that allows physicians to see inside the head without surgery in order to determine if there is internal bleeding or swelling in the brain. [31]
Redness and swelling: The skin around the follicles can become red and swollen. Crusting and flaking: The scalp may develop crusty patches or flaky skin. It may also develop blisters that break ...
The diagnosis is generally clinical, with a fluctuant boggy mass developing over the scalp (especially over the occiput) with superficial skin bruising. The swelling develops gradually 12–72 hours after delivery, although it may be noted immediately after delivery in severe cases. Subgaleal hematoma growth is insidious, as it spreads across ...
The pain needs to last at least for at least 4 hours without medication and it needs to meet two out of four criteria: The pain is more intense on one side than the other.
An increase in pressure, most commonly due to head injury leading to intracranial hematoma or cerebral edema, can crush brain tissue, shift brain structures, contribute to hydrocephalus, cause brain herniation, and restrict blood supply to the brain. [13] It is a cause of reflex bradycardia. [14]
However, notifiable signs of a subgaleal hemorrhage include fluctuant scalp swelling, a lesion crossing the suture lines, pitting edema continuing over the head, and fluid wave test. [21] If a subgaleal hemorrhage is suspected, measures such as hemoglobin count should be performed immediately and monitored every 4-8 hours.
More than 50% of patients who suffer from a traumatic brain injury will develop psychiatric disturbances. [6] Although precise rates of anxiety after brain injury are unknown, a 30-year follow-up study of 60 patients found 8.3% of patients developed a panic disorder, 1.7% developed an anxiety disorder, and 8.3% developed a specific phobia. [7]