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The term panpsychism comes from the Greek pan (πᾶν: "all, everything, whole") and psyche (ψυχή: "soul, mind"). [7]: 1 The use of "psyche" is controversial because it is synonymous with "soul", a term usually taken to refer to something supernatural; more common terms now found in the literature include mind, mental properties, mental aspect, and experience.
Panpsychism is a class of theories that believe that all physical things are conscious. John Searle distinguished it from neutral monism as well as property dualism, which he identified as a form of dualism. [7] However, some neutral monist theories are panpsychist and some panpsychist theories are neutral monist. However, the two do not always ...
[see: Further reading] [note 9] [18] Chalmers concludes that consciousness and its contents are substrate independent; structurally isomorphic computations must create qualitatively identical experiences regardless of how they are realised. Similarly, Chalmers puts forward a number of "open questions" that a fundamental theory must answer:
Chalmers describes his overall view as "naturalistic dualism", [1] but he says panpsychism is in a sense a form of physicalism, [52] as does Strawson. [118] Proponents of panpsychism argue it solves the hard problem of consciousness parsimoniously by making consciousness a fundamental feature of reality.
Chalmers received his undergraduate degree in pure mathematics from the University of Adelaide. [9] After graduating Chalmers spent six months reading philosophy books while hitchhiking across Europe, [10] before continuing his studies at the University of Oxford, [9] where he was a Rhodes Scholar but eventually withdrew from the course. [11]
Eliminative materialism (also called eliminativism) is a materialist position in the philosophy of mind. It is the idea that the majority of mental states in folk psychology do not exist. Some supporters of eliminativism argue that no coherent neural basis will be found for many everyday psychological concepts such as belief or desire, since they are poorly defined. The argument is that ...
David Chalmers argues against quantum consciousness. He instead discusses how quantum mechanics may relate to dualistic consciousness. [61] Chalmers is skeptical that any new physics can resolve the hard problem of consciousness. [62] [63] [64] He argues that quantum theories of consciousness suffer from the same weakness as more conventional ...
The Extended Mind" by Andy Clark and David Chalmers (1998) [4] is the paper that originally stated the EMT. Clark and Chalmers present the idea of active externalism (not to be confused with semantic externalism), in which objects within the environment function as a part of the mind. They argue that the separation between the mind, the body ...