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In physics, and especially scattering theory, the momentum-transfer cross section (sometimes known as the momentum-transport cross section [1]) is an effective scattering cross section useful for describing the average momentum transferred from a particle when it collides with a target. Essentially, it contains all the information about a ...
Here, is the magnitude of the scattering vector of momentum-transfer cross section in reciprocal space (in units of inverse distance), the atomic number of the atom, is the Planck constant, is the vacuum permittivity, and is the electron rest mass, is the Bohr Radius, and (,) is the dimensionless X-ray scattering form factor for the electron ...
The momentum transfer plays an important role in the evaluation of neutron, X-ray, and electron diffraction for the investigation of condensed matter. Laue-Bragg diffraction occurs on the atomic crystal lattice, conserves the wave energy and thus is called elastic scattering, where the wave numbers final and incident particles, and , respectively, are equal and just the direction changes by a ...
Momentum: the drag experienced by a rain drop as it falls in the atmosphere is an example of momentum diffusion (the rain drop loses momentum to the surrounding air through viscous stresses and decelerates). The molecular transfer equations of Newton's law for fluid momentum, Fourier's law for heat, and Fick's law for mass are
When the target is a charged sphere rather than a point, additions to the Mott cross section equation (form factor terms) can be used to probe the distribution of the charge inside the sphere. The Born approximation of the diffraction of a beam of electrons by atomic nuclei is an extension of Mott scattering. [3]
In physics, the cross section is a measure of the probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. For example, the Rutherford cross-section is a measure of probability that an alpha particle will be deflected by a given angle during an interaction with an atomic nucleus.
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In fluid dynamics, the mixing length model is a method attempting to describe momentum transfer by turbulence Reynolds stresses within a Newtonian fluid boundary layer by means of an eddy viscosity. The model was developed by Ludwig Prandtl in the early 20th century. [ 1 ]