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Studying glacial motion and the landforms that result requires tools from many different disciplines: physical geography, climatology, and geology are among the areas sometime grouped together and called earth science. During the Pleistocene (the last ice age), huge sheets of ice called continental glaciers advanced over much of the earth.
Glacial flow rate in the Antarctic ice sheet. The motion of ice in Antarctica. Even stable ice sheets are continually in motion as the ice gradually flows outward from the central plateau, which is the tallest point of the ice sheet, and towards the margins. The ice sheet slope is low around the plateau but increases steeply at the margins. [4]
A higher amount of inland glacial melt ultimately increases the amount of outlet glacier output. [14] Studies predict that outlet glaciers found in Greenland can increase the global sea level considerably following an increase in global temperature, and a subsequently higher drainage output. [15] Examples include: [14] Helheim Glacier, Greenland
If the glacial action erodes through, a spillway (or col) forms; Horn: a sharp peak connecting multiple glacier intersections, made up of multiple arêtes. Valley step: an abrupt change in the longitudinal slope of a glacial valley; Hanging Valleys: Formed by glacial meltwater eroding the land partially, often accompanied by a waterfall. [2]
Cartoon showing the isostatic vertical motions of the lithosphere (grey) in response to a vertical load (in green) In geology, lithospheric flexure (also called regional isostasy) is the process by which the lithosphere (rigid, thin outer layer of the Earth) bends under the action of forces such as the weight of a growing orogeny or changes in ice thickness related to glaciation.
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Basal sliding is the act of a glacier sliding over the bed due to meltwater under the ice acting as a lubricant.This movement very much depends on the temperature of the area, the slope of the glacier, the bed roughness, the amount of meltwater from the glacier, and the glacier's size.
I. Ice; Ice age; Ice calving; Ice core; Ice core dating; List of ice cores; Ice divide; Ice drilling; Ice jam; Ice lens; Ice mass balance buoy; Ice segregation; Ice sheet