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Decreased exposure of the skin to sunlight is a common cause of vitamin D deficiency. [1] People with a darker skin pigment with increased amounts of melanin may have decreased production of vitamin D. [3] Melanin absorbs ultraviolet B radiation from the sun and reduces vitamin D production. [3] Sunscreen can also reduce vitamin D production. [3]
Blood tests may show fewer but larger red blood cells, low numbers of young red blood cells, low levels of vitamin B 12, and antibodies to intrinsic factor. [6] Diagnosis is not always straightforward and can be challenging. [10] Because pernicious anemia is due to a lack of intrinsic factor, it is not preventable. [11]
Anemia (also spelled anaemia in British English) is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen.This can be due to a lower than normal number of red blood cells, a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin available for oxygen transport, or abnormalities in hemoglobin that impair its function.
The dermatitis occurs on areas of skin exposed to sunlight, such as backs of hands and neck. Niacin deficiency is a consequence of a diet low in both niacin and the amino acid tryptophan, a precursor for the vitamin. Low plasma tryptophan is a non-specific indicator, meaning it can have other causes.
Normal potassium levels are between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L (3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L) with levels below 3.5 mmol/L defined as hypokalemia. [21] [28] It is classified as severe when levels are less than 2.5 mmol/L. [21] Low levels may also be suspected based on an electrocardiogram (ECG). [21] Hyperkalemia is a high level of potassium in the blood serum. [21]
Hypocalcemia is a medical condition characterized by low calcium levels in the blood serum. [5] The normal range of blood calcium is typically between 2.1–2.6 mmol/L (8.8–10.7 mg/dL, 4.3–5.2 mEq/L), while levels less than 2.1 mmol/L are defined as hypocalcemic. [1] [3] [6] Mildly low levels that develop slowly often have no symptoms.
"In the 60s, the skin tends to become drier, thinner and more delicate due to decreased natural oil production and a decline in collagen and elastin," said Dr. Hannah Kopelman, host of the podcast ...
Hypoalbuminemia (or hypoalbuminaemia) is a medical sign in which the level of albumin in the blood is low. [1] This can be due to decreased production in the liver, increased loss in the gastrointestinal tract or kidneys, increased use in the body, or abnormal distribution between body compartments.