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  2. Auditory system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_system

    Sound energy causes changes in the shape of these cells, which serves to amplify sound vibrations in a frequency specific manner. Lightly resting atop the longest cilia of the inner hair cells is the tectorial membrane , which moves back and forth with each cycle of sound, tilting the cilia, which is what elicits the hair cells' electrical ...

  3. Vocal cords - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_cords

    In essence, sound is generated in the larynx by chopping up a steady flow of air into little puffs of sound waves. [29] The perceived pitch of a person's voice is determined by a number of different factors, most importantly the fundamental frequency of the sound generated by the larynx. The fundamental frequency is influenced by the length ...

  4. Speech science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_science

    The production of speech is a highly complex motor task that involves approximately 100 orofacial, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and respiratory muscles. [2] [3] Precise and expeditious timing of these muscles is essential for the production of temporally complex speech sounds, which are characterized by transitions as short as 10 ms between frequency bands [4] and an average speaking rate of ...

  5. Neural encoding of sound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_encoding_of_sound

    The Outer ear consists of the pinna or auricle (visible parts including ear lobes and concha), and the auditory meatus (the passageway for sound). The fundamental function of this part of the ear is to gather sound energy and deliver it to the eardrum. Resonances of the external ear selectively boost sound pressure with frequency in the range 2 ...

  6. Human voice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_voice

    Sound also resonates within different parts of the body, and an individual's size and bone structure can affect somewhat the sound produced by an individual. Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation. Another major influence on vocal sound and ...

  7. Articulatory phonetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulatory_phonetics

    Sound sources refer to the conversion of aerodynamic energy into acoustic energy. There are two main types of sound sources in the articulatory system: periodic (or more precisely semi-periodic) and aperiodic. A periodic sound source is vocal fold vibration produced at the glottis found in vowels and voiced consonants.

  8. Middle ear - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_ear

    Ordinarily, when sound waves in air strike liquid, most of the energy is reflected off the surface of the liquid. The middle ear allows the impedance matching of sound traveling in air to acoustic waves traveling in a system of fluids and membranes in the inner ear. This system should not be confused, however, with the propagation of sound as ...

  9. Ear - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear

    Sound waves travel through the outer ear, are modulated by the middle ear, and are transmitted to the vestibulocochlear nerve in the inner ear. This nerve transmits information to the temporal lobe of the brain, where it is registered as sound. Sound that travels through the outer ear impacts on the eardrum, and causes it to vibrate.

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