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A file inclusion vulnerability is a type of web vulnerability that is most commonly found to affect web applications that rely on a scripting run time.This issue is caused when an application builds a path to executable code using an attacker-controlled variable in a way that allows the attacker to control which file is executed at run time.
Code injection is the malicious injection or introduction of code into an application. Some web servers have a guestbook script, which accepts small messages from users and typically receives messages such as: Very nice site! However, a malicious person may know of a code injection vulnerability in the guestbook and enter a message such as:
HTTP header injection is a general class of web application security vulnerability which occurs when Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) headers are dynamically generated based on user input. Header injection in HTTP responses can allow for HTTP response splitting , session fixation via the Set-Cookie header, cross-site scripting (XSS), and ...
Regularly update software: Keep operating systems, applications, and security tools updated to patch vulnerabilities that could lead to data breaches. If a software update breaks systems, deploy ...
The DOM clobbering vulnerability arises from a naming collision between the JavaScript execution context and HTML elements in the Document Object Model (DOM). When an undefined JavaScript variable is declared in the same context as an HTML element with the same name or id parameter, the browser will assign the HTML element to the undefined ...
A directory traversal (or path traversal) attack exploits insufficient security validation or sanitization of user-supplied file names, such that characters representing "traverse to parent directory" are passed through to the operating system's file system API.
HTTP response splitting is a form of web application vulnerability, resulting from the failure of the application or its environment to properly sanitize input values.It can be used to perform cross-site scripting attacks, cross-user defacement, web cache poisoning, and similar exploits.
Web shells are installed through vulnerabilities in web application or weak server security configuration including the following: [2] [4] SQL injection; Vulnerabilities in applications and services (e.g. web server software such as NGINX or content management system applications such as WordPress); [7] [8]