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Line segments and Euclidean vectors are parallel if they have the same direction or opposite direction (not necessarily the same length). [1] Parallel lines are the subject of Euclid's parallel postulate. [2] Parallelism is primarily a property of affine geometries and Euclidean geometry is a special instance of this type of geometry.
In engineering, for instance, kinematic analysis may be used to find the range of movement for a given mechanism and, working in reverse, using kinematic synthesis to design a mechanism for a desired range of motion. [8] In addition, kinematics applies algebraic geometry to the study of the mechanical advantage of a mechanical system or mechanism.
A plane is said to have the "minor affine Desargues property" when two triangles in parallel perspective, having two parallel sides, must also have the third sides parallel. If this property holds in the affine plane defined by a ternary ring, then there is an equivalence relation between "vectors" defined by pairs of points from the plane. [14]
However, parallel (non-crossing) pairs of lines are less restricted in hyperbolic line arrangements than in the Euclidean plane: in particular, the relation of being parallel is an equivalence relation for Euclidean lines but not for hyperbolic lines. [51] The intersection graph of the lines in a hyperbolic arrangement can be an arbitrary ...
Parallel curves of the graph of = for distances =, …, Two definitions of a parallel curve: 1) envelope of a family of congruent circles, 2) by a fixed normal distance The parallel curves of a circle (red) are circles, too
There are two main descriptions of motion: dynamics and kinematics.Dynamics is general, since the momenta, forces and energy of the particles are taken into account. In this instance, sometimes the term dynamics refers to the differential equations that the system satisfies (e.g., Newton's second law or Euler–Lagrange equations), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.
These operations and associated laws qualify Euclidean vectors as an example of the more generalized concept of vectors defined simply as elements of a vector space. Vectors play an important role in physics: the velocity and acceleration of a moving object and the forces acting on it can all be described with vectors. [7]
In any affine space (including a Euclidean space) the set of lines parallel to a given line (sharing the same direction) is also called a pencil, and the vertex of each pencil of parallel lines is a distinct point at infinity; including these points results in a projective space in which every pair of lines has an intersection.