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The Arctic convoys of World War II were oceangoing convoys which sailed from the United Kingdom, Iceland, and North America to northern ports in the Soviet Union – primarily Arkhangelsk (Archangel) and Murmansk in Russia. There were 78 convoys between August 1941 and May 1945, [1] sailing via several seas of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans ...
A convoy was defined as at least one merchant ship sailing under the protection of at least one warship. [11] At first the British had intended to run convoys to Russia on a forty-day cycle (the number of days between convoy departures) during the winter of 1941–1942 but this was shortened to a ten-day cycle.
A convoy was defined as at least one merchant ship sailing under the protection of at least one warship. [11] At first the British had intended to run convoys to Russia on a forty-day cycle (the number of days between convoy departures) during the winter of 1941–1942 but this was shortened to a ten-day cycle.
Russian map showing Arctic convoy routes from Britain and Iceland, past Norway to the Barents Sea and northern Russian ports After Operation Barbarossa , the German invasion of the USSR, began on 22 June 1941, the UK and USSR signed an agreement in July that they would "render each other assistance and support of all kinds in the present war ...
Convoy PQ 17 was an Allied Arctic convoy during the Second World War. On 27 June 1942, the ships sailed from Hvalfjörður, Iceland, for the port of Arkhangelsk in the Soviet Union. The convoy was located by German forces on 1 July, shadowed and attacked.
The Requiem on Convoy PQ-17, Russian novel by Valentin Pikul; Memoirs of Chief Steward Horace Carswell DSM, MM, BEM during Convoy PQ.17; Coxswain Sid Kerslake of armed trawler "Northern Gem" in PQ.17; Convoy PQ.17, a primary source diary and supporting material by Jack Bowman, ERA aboard HMS La Malouine. PQ 17 at Convoyweb; Helgason, Gudmundur.
14-knot UC convoys of tankers and fast cargo ships with some troopships: UC: Liverpool to Caribbean (later New York City) 15 February 1943 3 June 1945 71 14-knot convoys of tankers with some fast cargo ships: UGF: Chesapeake Bay to Mediterranean 24 October 1942 8 April 1945 22 faster ships - (UGF-1) was the invasion force for Operation Torch: UGS
Convoy PQ 16 (21–30 May 1942) was an Arctic convoy of British, United States and Allied ships from Iceland to Murmansk and Archangelsk in the Soviet Union during the Second World War. The convoy was the largest yet and was provided with a considerable number of escorts and submarines. QP 12, a return convoy, sailed on the same day