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And antiviral treatment has changed HIV from a death sentence in the early '80s to people with HIV now having a normal life expectancy. People with HIV on antiviral drugs can safely have babies.
[33] [208] If treatment is started late in the infection, prognosis is not as good: [33] for example, if treatment is begun following the diagnosis of AIDS, life expectancy is ~10–40 years. [ 33 ] [ 203 ] Half of infants born with HIV die before two years of age without treatment.
With improvements in HIV therapy, several studies now estimate that patients on treatment in high-income countries can expect a normal life expectancy. [ 69 ] [ 70 ] This means that a higher proportion of people living with HIV are now older and research is ongoing into the unique aspects of HIV infection in the older adult.
Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), [1] [2] a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. [3] Without treatment, the average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. [4]
The infection progresses to AIDS when the count falls below 200 CD4 T cells/μL, at which point opportunistic infections can be lethal. At this stage, an infected person has 2-3 years of life expectancy. The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) can greatly slow the progression of the virus to AIDS.
From 2019 to 2021, U.S. life expectancy dropped from 78.8 years to 7 6.4. Covid deaths fell significantly last year: Whereas Covid was the fourth leading cause of death in 2022, it was the 10th in ...
As of September 30, 2023, PEPFAR supported antiretroviral treatment for nearly 20.47 million people worldwide. [26] In 2023, PEPFAR supported 1.95 million people to newly enroll for antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV infection. [27]
Viral load monitoring is used by HIV-positive people to develop a plan for their personal treatment of HIV/AIDS. [1] A count of the viral load is routine before the start of HIV treatment. [1] If the treatment is not changed, then viral load is monitored with testing every 3–4 months to confirm a stable low viral load. [1]
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