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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Punjabi, specifically Standard Punjabi, pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Shahmukhi (Shahmukhi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. ' from the Shah's or king's mouth ', Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan.
The pronunciation of ਵ can vary allophonically between [ ~ ] preceding front vowels, and [] elsewhere. [44] [45] The most characteristic feature of the Punjabi language is its tone system. [6] The script has no separate symbol for tones, but they correspond to the tonal consonants that once represented voiced aspirates as well as older *h. [6]
You can tell it is a native Punjabi word because ڑ is a very Punjabi sound which doesn't occur in loan words (unless they've been corrupted with one of the productive suffixes using ڑ, but that پغڑنا exists as a verb, a class of words generally quite closed to loan words, further supports this).
Punjabi Arthawali by Amar Nath, an English-to-Punjabi dictionary featuring Punjabi translations of English words in both Latin and Persian scripts. [6] Punjabi-Angrezi Kosh by Khushhal Singh (Lahore, 1946). [6] Based upon Maya Singh's dictionary. [6] Punjabi-English Vocabulary, a small lexicon published by the Sri Guru Singh Sabha, Lahore. [6]
The Punjabi verbal system is can be described largely in terms of aspect and mood. Most Punjabi verbs do not inflect for tense—the only verb which does is the copular verb ਹੈ / ہے. Some linguists have described aspectual forms of Punjabi verbs as being inflections for tense; however, this assessment is flawed as these verb forms can be ...
Its name is derived from the former Shahpur District. Grierson (1919) considered Shahpuri to be representative of Lahnda (Western Punjabi), but later opinions by Shackle (1976) and Masica (1991) have re-classified it as a general dialect of Punjabi, with certain Saraiki features.