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Agathiyar (), Chairman of first Tamil Sangam, at Madurai in the Pandiya kingdom.Statue of Agastya in the Tamil Thai (Mother Tamil) temple in Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. The Tamil Sangams (Tamil: சங்கம் caṅkam, Old Tamil 𑀘𑀗𑁆𑀓𑀫𑁆, from Sanskrit saṅgha) were three legendary gatherings of Tamil scholars and poets that, according to traditional Tamil accounts ...
The Sangam literature (Tamil: சங்க இலக்கியம், caṅka ilakkiyam), historically known as 'the poetry of the noble ones' (Tamil: சான்றோர் செய்யுள், Cāṉṟōr ceyyuḷ), [1] connotes the early classical Tamil literature and is the earliest known literature of South India.
Legendary Tamil Sangams, legendary assemblies of Tamil scholars and poets in the remote past First Sangam; Second Sangam; Third Sangam; Sangam literature, a collection of Tamil literature and the earliest period of South Indian history, when the Tamil Sangams were held; Sangama dynasty, the first dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire (c. 1336–1485)
Tamil mythology refers to the folklore and traditions that are a part of the wider Dravidian pantheon, originating from the Tamil people. [1] This body of mythology is a fusion of elements from Dravidian culture and the parent Indus Valley culture, both of which have been syncretised with mainstream Hinduism .
Iraiyanar (Tamil: இறையனார்), literally meaning "the Lord" and also a common name of Shiva, was a legendary poet of the Sangam period who is believed to have composed verse 2 of Kurunthogai. [1] He is believed to be the incarnation of Lord Shiva of the temple at Madurai, known as 'Aalavaai Sokkar' or 'Sokkanathar'. [1]
The Early Pandyas of the Sangam period were one of the three main kingdoms of the Tamilakam (southern India), the other two being the Cholas, and Cheras dynasty. As with many other kingdoms around this period (earlier than 200 BCE), most of the information about the Early Pandyas come to modern historians mainly through literary sources and some epigraphic, archaeological and numismatic evidence.
Hinduism, in particular Vaishnavism and Shaivism, was the predominant religion in ancient Tamilakam.The Sangam period in Tamilakam (c. 600 BCE–300 CE) was characterized by the coexistence of many denominations and religions: Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Ajivika and later joined by Buddhism and Jainism alongside the folk religion of the Tamil people.
[4] [5] The king of Kalinga, Kharavela, who ruled around 150 BCE, mentioned in the famous Hathigumpha inscription of the confederacy of the Tamil kingdoms that had existed for over 100 years. [6] Another source for the available information of the early Cholas is the early Tamil literature of the Sangam Period.