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Cattle have played a key role in human history, having been domesticated since at least the early neolithic age. Archaeozoological and genetic data indicate that cattle were first domesticated from wild aurochs (Bos primigenius) approximately 10,500 years ago.
Bos (from Latin bōs: cow, ox, bull) is a genus of bovines, which includes, among others, wild and domestic cattle.. Bos is often divided into four subgenera: Bos, Bibos, Novibos, and Poephagus, but including these last three divisions within the genus Bos without including Bison is believed to be paraphyletic by many workers on the classification of the genus since the 1980s.
The aurochs (Bos primigenius) (/ ˈ ɔː r ɒ k s / or / ˈ aʊ r ɒ k s /, plural aurochs or aurochsen) is an extinct species of bovine, considered to be the wild ancestor of modern domestic cattle. With a shoulder height of up to 180 cm (71 in) in bulls and 155 cm (61 in) in cows, it was one of the largest herbivores in the Holocene ; it had ...
The wild species of bovins are found in North America, Eurasia and sub-Saharan Africa, though domesticated species or variants have a global cosmopolitan range with the help of humans. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] With the exception of the open-plains dwelling American bison and the montane-dwelling wild yak , all species of wild cattle inhabit wooded or ...
In order to be considered fully domesticated, most species have undergone significant genetic, behavioural and morphological changes from their wild ancestors, while others have changed very little from their wild ancestors despite hundreds or thousands of years of potential selective breeding. A number of factors determine how quickly any ...
Breeds of Cattle – Cow World (archived 19 January 2017) Cattle Breeds – Embryoplus.com (archived 29 November 2013) Breeds of Cattle – Official 2nd Edition; Cattle Breeds of the World; Portuguese Cattle Breeds (archived 17 January 2016) EuReCa – Towards self-sustainable EUropean, REgional CAttle breeds; Native cow varieties of India
The banteng (Bos javanicus; / ˈ b æ n t ɛ ŋ /), also known as tembadau, [5] is a species of wild bovine found in Southeast Asia. The head-and-body length is between 1.9 and 3.68 m (6.2 and 12.1 ft). [6] Wild banteng are typically larger and heavier than their domesticated counterparts, but are otherwise similar in
Human pastoralism, enabled by domestic cattle, spread throughout the subcontinent around 5,500–4,000 YBP. Secondary domestication events - instances of additional genetic diversity acquired from interbreeding domesticated proto-indicine stock with wild aurochs cows - occurred very frequently in the Ganges basin but less so in southern India.