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In mathematics, the Laplace transform, named after Pierre-Simon Laplace (/ l ə ˈ p l ɑː s /), is an integral transform that converts a function of a real variable (usually , in the time domain) to a function of a complex variable (in the complex-valued frequency domain, also known as s-domain, or s-plane).
In mathematics, the Laplace transform is a powerful integral transform used to switch a function from the time domain to the s-domain. The Laplace transform can be used in some cases to solve linear differential equations with given initial conditions. First consider the following property of the Laplace transform:
Consider the following second-order problem, ′ + + = () =, where = {,, <is the Heaviside step function.The Laplace transform is defined by, = {()} = ().Upon taking term-by-term Laplace transforms, and utilising the rules for derivatives and integrals, the integro-differential equation is converted into the following algebraic equation,
The following is a list of Laplace transforms for many common functions of a single variable. [1] The Laplace transform is an integral transform that takes a function of a positive real variable t (often time) to a function of a complex variable s (complex angular frequency ).
Two-sided Laplace transforms are closely related to the Fourier transform, the Mellin transform, the Z-transform and the ordinary or one-sided Laplace transform. If f ( t ) is a real- or complex-valued function of the real variable t defined for all real numbers, then the two-sided Laplace transform is defined by the integral
In mathematics and physics, Laplace's equation is a second-order partial differential equation named after Pierre-Simon Laplace, who first studied its properties.This is often written as = or =, where = = is the Laplace operator, [note 1] is the divergence operator (also symbolized "div"), is the gradient operator (also symbolized "grad"), and (,,) is a twice-differentiable real-valued function.
The state-transition equation is defined as the solution of the linear homogeneous state equation. The linear time-invariant state equation given by = + + (), with state vector x, control vector u, vector w of additive disturbances, and fixed matrices A, B, E can be solved by using either the classical method of solving linear differential equations or the Laplace transform method.
The Laplace–Beltrami operator also can be generalized to an operator (also called the Laplace–Beltrami operator) which operates on tensor fields, by a similar formula. Another generalization of the Laplace operator that is available on pseudo-Riemannian manifolds uses the exterior derivative , in terms of which the "geometer's Laplacian" is ...