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Stillbirth rates have declined, though more slowly since the 2000s. [18] According to UNICEF, the total number of stillbirths declined by 35%, from 2.9 million in 2000 to 1.9 million in 2021. [16] It is estimated that if the stillbirth rate for each country stays at the 2021 level, 17,5 million babies will be stillborn by 2030. [16]
Complications for the baby can include fetal distress, low birthweight, preterm delivery, and stillbirth. [2] [3] The cause of placental abruption is not entirely clear. [2] Risk factors include smoking, pre-eclampsia, prior abruption (most important and predictive risk factor), trauma during pregnancy, cocaine use, and previous cesarean section.
Among mothers who experience stillbirths and early infant deaths, those that are inbreeding have a significantly higher chance of reaching repeated results with future offspring. [80] Additionally, consanguineous parents possess a high risk of premature birth and producing underweight and undersized infants. [ 81 ]
Stillbirth is typically defined as fetal death at or after 20 to 28 weeks of pregnancy. [140] [141] It results in a baby born without signs of life. [141] Worldwide prevention of most stillbirths is possible with improved health systems.
[6] [7] Some use the cutoff of 20 weeks of gestation, after which fetal death is known as a stillbirth. [8] The death of the fetus or neonate at the end of the pregnancy, during labour and delivery, or just after birth is counted as perinatal mortality.
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Prolonged obstructed labour can lead to stillbirth, obstetric fistula, and maternal death. [19] Fetal death can be caused by asphyxia. [1] Obstructed labor is the leading cause of uterine rupture worldwide. [1] Maternal death can result from uterine rupture, complications during caesarean section, or sepsis. [18]
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