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Heat pumps are by far the most energy-efficient types of heating systems, since they "harvest" heat from the environment, rather than only turning their input energy into heat. In accordance with the second law of thermodynamics, heat pumps always require the additional input of some external energy to "pump" the collected heat "uphill" against ...
[20] Air-to-air heat pumps provide hot or cold air directly to rooms, but do not usually provide hot water. Air-to-water heat pumps use radiators or underfloor heating to heat a whole house and are often also used to provide domestic hot water. An ASHP can typically gain 4 kWh thermal energy from 1 kWh electric energy.
However, most kerosene heaters do not require electricity to operate. Most heaters contain a battery-operated or piezo-electric ignitor to light the heater without the need for matches. If the ignitor should fail the heater can still be lit manually. The Japanese non-vented "fan" heater burns kerosene gas and is known as a gasification type heater.
Electrical heaters are often used as backup or supplemental heat for heat pump systems. The heat pump gained popularity in the 1950s in Japan and the United States. [14] Heat pumps can extract heat from various sources, such as environmental air, exhaust air from a building, or from the ground. Heat pumps transfer heat from outside the ...
Argon is a chemical element; it has symbol Ar and atomic number 18. It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas. [10] Argon is the third most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934% (9340 ppmv).
An air source heat pump (ASHP) is a heat pump that can absorb heat from air outside a building and release it inside; it uses the same vapor-compression refrigeration process and much the same equipment as an air conditioner, but in the opposite direction. ASHPs are the most common type of heat pump and, usually being smaller, tend to be used ...
Ar-NCCN argon–cyanogen van der Waals complex centre of molecule 3.58 90° T shape 30 cm −1: 0.0979 [63] DCCDAr argon-deuterated acetylene centre of molecule 3.25 90° T shape 0.0008 mdyn/Å / 8.7 cm −1 [63] SO 3 Ar sulfur trioxide argon S 3.350 on axis 90° from SO bond 0.059 mdyn/Å / 61 cm −1 [80] Ar•HCCH acetylene argon T shape [81 ...
A krypton laser is an ion laser using ions of the noble gas krypton as its gain medium.The laser pumping is done by an electrical discharge.Krypton lasers are widely used in scientific research, and in commercial uses, when the krypton is mixed with argon, it creates a "white-light" lasers, useful for laser light shows.