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Dante's Hell is divided into nine circles, the ninth circle being divided further into four rings, their boundaries only marked by the depth of their sinners' immersion in the ice; Satan sits in the last ring, Judecca. It is in the fourth ring of the ninth circle, where the worst sinners, the betrayers to their benefactors, are punished.
Dante and Virgil approach the Central Well, at the bottom of which lies the Ninth and final Circle of Hell. The classical and biblical Giants – who perhaps symbolise pride and other spiritual flaws lying behind acts of treachery [ 106 ] – stand perpetual guard inside the well-pit, their legs embedded in the banks of the Ninth Circle while ...
To prove Dante's description of the Sun being "joined to the horizon", Galileo interpreted this to mean that the diameter of hell's circle must be equal to the radius of the Earth. [1] This meant that the boundary of the roof on the west would pass through Marseille in France and through Tashkent in modern-day Uzbekistan on the east. [1]
In Inferno, the first cantica of Dante's Divine Comedy, Cocytus (or Treachery) is the ninth and lowest circle of The Underworld. Dante and Virgil are placed there by the giant Antaeus . There are other Giants around the rim that are chained; however Antaeus is unchained as he died before the Gigantomachy .
In Inferno, the ninth and deepest layer of hell is for the sin of treachery, which Dante saw as the gravest of all crimes. Inhabitants include Satan, Judas Iscariot, and Cain. [5] The ninth layer is further subdivided into four sections by the type of treachery: Caina, Antenora, Ptolomea, and Judecca.
Cassius is a main character in William Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar that depicts the assassination of Caesar and its aftermath. He is also shown in the lowest circle of Hell in Dante's Inferno as punishment for betraying and killing Caesar. [7] [8]
"Raphèl mai amècche zabì almi" is a verse from Dante's Inferno, XXXI.67. The verse is shouted out by Nimrod , one of the giants who guard the Ninth Circle of Hell. The line, whose literal meaning is uncertain (it is usually left untranslated as well), is usually interpreted as a sign of the confusion of the languages caused by the fall of ...
Dante's depiction of homosexuals as souls capable of salvation is particularly lenient for the time period and is often omitted from later illustrations of Purgatorio. [87] In addition, this depiction is a marked massive departure from Inferno, where Dante represents sodomy as a sin of violence instead of one of excessive love. [88]