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A pulmonary laceration can cause air to leak out of the lacerated lung [10] and into the pleural space, if the laceration goes through to it. [8] Pulmonary laceration invariably results in pneumothorax (due to torn airways), hemothorax (due to torn blood vessels), or a hemopneumothorax (with both blood and air in the chest cavity). [11]
Gas embolism is a diving disorder experienced by underwater divers who breathe gases at ambient pressure, and can happen in two distinct ways: . Pulmonary barotrauma: Air bubbles can enter the bloodstream as a result of gross trauma to the lining of the lung following a rapid ascent while holding the breath; the air held within the lung expands to the point where the tissues tear (pulmonary ...
Sometimes, multiple classifications apply; for instance a pulmonary embolism is classified as an arterial embolism as well, [3] because the clot follows the pulmonary artery carrying deoxygenated blood away from the heart. However, pulmonary embolism is generally classified as a form of venous embolism, because the embolus forms in veins, e.g ...
Symptoms of a PE may include shortness of breath, chest pain particularly upon breathing in, and coughing up blood. [1] Symptoms of a blood clot in the leg may also be present, such as a red, warm, swollen, and painful leg. [1] Signs of a PE include low blood oxygen levels, rapid breathing, rapid heart rate, and sometimes a mild fever. [11]
The blood flow will then carry the embolus (via blood vessels) to various parts of the body where it can block the lumen (vessel cavity) and cause vessel obstruction or occlusion. The free-moving thrombus is called an embolus. [7] A thrombus is always attached to the vessel wall and is never freely moving in the blood circulation.
Pulmonary embolism is the third leading cause of death from cardiovascular disease and happens when blood clots block an artery in the lungs, so blood and gas cannot flow normally.
Symptoms may begin quickly or slowly depending on the size of the embolus and how much it blocks the blood flow. [2] Symptoms of embolisation in an organ vary with the organ involved but commonly include: Pain in the involved body part [2] Temporarily [2] decreased organ function; Later symptoms are closely related to infarction of the affected ...
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a long-term disease caused by a blockage in the blood vessels that deliver blood from the heart to the lungs (the pulmonary arterial tree). These blockages cause increased resistance to flow in the pulmonary arterial tree which in turn leads to rise in pressure in these arteries ...