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Black Kettle (Cheyenne: Mo'ohtavetoo'o) [1] (c. 1803 – November 27, 1868) was a leader of the Southern Cheyenne during the American Indian Wars.Born to the Northern Só'taeo'o / Só'taétaneo'o band of the Northern Cheyenne in the Black Hills of present-day South Dakota, [2] he later married into the Wotápio / Wutapai band (one mixed Cheyenne-Kiowa band with Lakota Sioux origin) of the ...
The Sand Creek massacre (also known as the Chivington massacre, the battle of Sand Creek or the massacre of Cheyenne Indians) was a massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho people by the U.S. Army in the American Indian Wars that occurred on November 29, 1864, when a 675-man force of the Third Colorado Cavalry [5] under the command of U.S. Volunteers Colonel John Chivington attacked and destroyed a ...
The Battle of the Washita River (also called Battle of the Washita or the Washita Massacre [4]) occurred on November 27, 1868, when Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer's 7th U.S. Cavalry attacked Black Kettle's Southern Cheyenne camp on the Washita River (the present-day Washita Battlefield National Historic Site near Cheyenne, Oklahoma).
In 1868, the U.S. carried out a surprise attack on Cheyenne families near the Washita River. The land is now a national historic site.
Washita Battlefield National Historic Site protects and interprets the site of the Southern Cheyenne village of Chief Black Kettle where the Battle of Washita occurred. The site is located about 150 miles (241 km) west of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, near Cheyenne, Oklahoma.
The war included an attack in November 1864 against the winter camp of the Southern Cheyenne Chief Black Kettle known as the Sand Creek massacre. The engagement, initially hailed as a great victory, was later publicly condemned as an act of genocidal brutality.
On behalf of the U.S. Army Wynkoop later investigated Col. John M. Chivington's conduct at Sand Creek, which led to Chivington's condemnation. In 1866, Wynkoop became an Indian agent for the Southern Cheyennes and Arapaho, resigning in December 1868 in protest of the destruction of Black Kettle's village in the Battle of Washita River. [6]
Capt. Soule (front row, right) with Major Wynkoop (front row, left) and Southern Cheyenne Chief Black Kettle at the Camp Weld meeting September 28, 1864. [g] The U.S. Congress created a congressional committee to investigate the Sand Creek Massacre due to a nationwide outrage of the incident.