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To a large extent, modern France lies within clear limits of physical geography.Roughly half of its margin lies on sea coasts: one continuous coastline along "La Manche" ("the sleeve" or English Channel) and the Atlantic Ocean forming the country's north-western and western edge, and a shorter, separate coastline along the Mediterranean Sea forming its south-eastern edge.
Fearing that Britain's victory over France in the Seven Years' War (1756–63) threatened the European balance of power, Spain allied itself to France and invaded Portugal, a British ally, but suffered a series of military defeats and ended up having to cede Florida to the British at the Treaty of Paris (1763) while gaining Louisiana from ...
The Peace of the Pyrenees was signed to end the 1635–1659 war between France and Spain. Spain lost French Flanders and northern part of the Principality of Catalonia. 1665: Philip IV died. [10] The Spanish Empire had reached approximately 12.2 million square kilometers (4.7 million square miles) in area 1668: The Treaty of Lisbon was signed ...
France's defeat of Spain and invasion of the Spanish Netherlands alarmed England and Sweden. With the Dutch Republic they formed the Triple Alliance to check Louis XIV's expansion. Louis II de Bourbon had captured Franche-Comté , but in face of an indefensible position, Louis XIV agreed to the peace of Aachen . [ 37 ]
France obtains Lille and other territories of Flanders from Spain. 1678: Treaties of Nijmegen: A series of treaties ending the Franco-Dutch War. France obtains the Franche-Comté and some cities in Flanders and Hainaut (from Spain). 1684: 15 August: Truce of Ratisbon: End of the War of the Reunions. France obtains further territories in the ...
Spain had invested itself in the religious warfare in France after Henry II's death. In 1589, Henry III , the last of the House of Valois , died at the walls of Paris. His successor, Henry IV, the first king from the House of Bourbon , was a man of great ability, winning key victories against the Catholic League at Arques (1589) and Ivry (1590).
The Franco-Spanish War broke out in 1635, when French king Louis XIII felt threatened that his entire kingdom was bordered by Habsburg territories, including Spain. In 1659, the Treaty of the Pyrenees ended the war and ceded the Spanish-possessed Catalan county of Roussillon to France, which had supported the Principality of Catalonia in a revolt against the Spanish crown.
Result: Treaties of Utrecht, Rastatt, and Baden: Territorial changes: Philip V recognised as King of Spain, but renounces his place in the French succession.; Spain cedes the Duchy of Milan, the Spanish Netherlands, and the kingdoms of Naples and Sardinia to Austria, the Kingdom of Sicily to Savoy, and Gibraltar and Menorca to Great Britain.