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  2. Valve timing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve_timing

    The intake valve is opened before the exhaust gases have completely left the cylinder, and their considerable velocity assists in drawing in the fresh charge. Engine designers aim to close the exhaust valve just as the fresh charge from the intake valve reaches it, to prevent either loss of fresh charge or unscavenged exhaust gas. In the ...

  3. MIVEC - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIVEC

    Under low-speed, high load, MIVEC ensures optimal torque delivery with the intake valve closing timing advanced to ensure sufficient air volume. At the same time, the exhaust valve opening timing is retarded to provide a higher expansion ratio and improved efficiency. At idle, valve overlap is eliminated to stabilize combustion.

  4. Variable valve timing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing

    A possible downside to early intake valve closing is that it significantly lowers the temperature of the combustion chamber, which can increase hydrocarbon emissions. [3] Early intake valve opening Early intake valve opening is another variation that has significant potential to reduce emissions. In a traditional engine, a process called valve ...

  5. Poppet valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poppet_valve

    The word poppet shares etymology with "puppet": it is from the Middle English popet ("youth" or "doll"), from Middle French poupette, which is a diminutive of poupée.The use of the word poppet to describe a valve comes from the same word applied to marionettes, which, like the poppet valve, move bodily in response to remote motion transmitted linearly.

  6. Four-stroke engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-stroke_engine

    The valves are typically operated by a camshaft rotating at half the speed of the crankshaft. It has a series of cams along its length, each designed to open a valve during the appropriate part of an intake or exhaust stroke. A tappet between valve and cam is a contact surface on which the cam slides to open the valve. Many engines use one or ...

  7. Internal combustion engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine

    Intake, induction or suction: The intake valves are open as a result of the cam lobe pressing down on the valve stem. The piston moves downward increasing the volume of the combustion chamber and allowing air to enter in the case of a CI engine or an air-fuel mix in the case of SI engines that do not use direct injection .

  8. Valvetrain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valvetrain

    A valvetrain is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. [1] The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture (or air alone for direct-injected engines) into the combustion chamber, while the exhaust valves control the flow of spent exhaust gases out of the ...

  9. Miller cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_cycle

    In the Miller-cycle engine, the piston begins to compress the fuel-air mixture only after the intake valve closes; and the intake valve closes after the piston has traveled a certain distance above its bottom-most position: around 20 to 30% of the total piston travel of this upward stroke.

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