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The mutation which causes sickle cell disease results in an abnormal hemoglobin known as hemoglobin S (HbS), which replaces HbA in adults. [20] The human genome contains a pair of genes for β-globin; in people with sickle cell disease, both genes are affected and the erythropoietic cells in the bone marrow will only create HbS.
A hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in your blood. If a hemoglobin tests shows that a person's levels are below normal, it means they have a low red blood cell count, which is known as anemia. If the test shows higher levels than normal, it means they have hemoglobinemia. [citation needed] The normal range for hemoglobin is:
Polycythemia is defined as serum hematocrit (Hct) or hemoglobin (HgB) exceeding normal ranges expected for age and sex, typically Hct >49% in healthy adult men and >48% in women, or HgB >16.5 g/dL in men or >16.0 g/dL in women. [8]
Hemoglobin Barts, abbreviated Hb Barts, is an abnormal type of hemoglobin that consists of four gamma globins. It is moderately insoluble, and therefore accumulates in the red blood cells. Hb Barts has an extremely high affinity for oxygen, so it cannot release oxygen to the tissue. Therefore, this makes it an inefficient oxygen carrier.
The formation of excess sugar-hemoglobin linkages indicates the presence of excessive sugar in the bloodstream and is an indicator of diabetes or other hormone diseases in high concentration (HbA1c > 6.4%). [3] A1c is of particular interest because it is easy to detect.
Hemoglobin electrophoresis is a blood test that can detect different types of hemoglobin. The test can detect hemoglobin S, the form associated with sickle cell disease, as well as other abnormal types of hemoglobin, such as hemoglobin C. It can also be used to investigate thalassemias, which are disorders caused by defective hemoglobin production.
The hemoglobin was named hemoglobin III, [24] but hemoglobin C was eventually used. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] By 1954, it was found that the mutant hemoglobin was highly prevalent in West Africa. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] In 1960, Vernon Ingram and J. A. Hunt at the University of Cambridge discovered that the mutation was a single amino acid replacement of glutamic ...
high-altitude pulmonary edema: HAV: hepatitis A virus Hb: hemoglobin: HB: heart block: Hb% hemoglobin concentration in gram per deciliter HbA: hemoglobin A (commonest type of hemoglobin) HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin (used as a measure of diabetes control) HBD: has been drinking HbF: fetal hemoglobin: HBO: hyperbaric oxygen: HBP: high blood ...