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  2. Instruction cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_cycle

    The instruction cycle (also known as the fetch–decode–execute cycle, or simply the fetchexecute cycle) is the cycle that the central processing unit (CPU) follows from boot-up until the computer has shut down in order to process instructions. It is composed of three main stages: the fetch stage, the decode stage, and the execute stage.

  3. Execution (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_(computing)

    It is composed of three main stages: the fetch stage, the decode stage, and the execute stage. This is a simple diagram illustrating the individual stages of the fetch-decode-execute cycle. In simpler CPUs, the instruction cycle is executed sequentially, each instruction being processed before the next one is started.

  4. Classic RISC pipeline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classic_RISC_pipeline

    The instruction fetch and decode stages send the second instruction one cycle after the first. They flow down the pipeline as shown in this diagram: In a naive pipeline, without hazard consideration, the data hazard progresses as follows: In cycle 3, the SUB instruction calculates the new value for r10.

  5. Instruction pipelining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_pipelining

    The green instruction can proceed to the Execute stage and then to the Write-back stage as scheduled, but the purple instruction is stalled for one cycle at the Fetch stage. The blue instruction, which was due to be fetched during cycle 3, is stalled for one cycle, as is the red instruction after it.

  6. Out-of-order execution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-order_execution

    The first machine to use out-of-order execution was the CDC 6600 (1964), designed by James E. Thornton, which uses a scoreboard to avoid conflicts. It permits an instruction to execute if its source operand (read) registers aren't to be written to by any unexecuted earlier instruction (true dependency) and the destination (write) register not be a register used by any unexecuted earlier ...

  7. Instruction set architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture

    increment, decrement in some ISAs, saving operand fetch in trivial cases. Perform bitwise operations, e.g., taking the conjunction and disjunction of corresponding bits in a pair of registers, taking the negation of each bit in a register. Compare two values in registers (for example, to see if one is less, or if they are equal).

  8. Instruction unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_unit

    The instruction unit (I-unit or IU), also called, e.g., instruction fetch unit (IFU), instruction issue unit (IIU), instruction sequencing unit (ISU), in a central processing unit (CPU) is responsible for organizing program instructions to be fetched from memory, and executed, in an appropriate order, and for forwarding them to an execution unit (E-unit or EU).

  9. Outline of computing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_computing

    Various methods of speeding up the fetch-execute cycle include: designing instruction set architectures with simpler, faster instructions: RISC as opposed to CISC; Superscalar instruction execution; VLIW architectures, which make parallelism explicit