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Credé procedure is the practice of washing a newborn's eyes with a 2% silver nitrate solution to protect against neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. [1] The Credé procedure was developed by the German physician Carl Siegmund Franz Credé who implemented it in his hospital in Leipzig in 1880. [2]
Thus, prophylaxis with a 1% silver nitrate solution is no longer in common use. [7] In most countries, neomycin and chloramphenicol eye drops are used, instead. [8] [9] However, newborns can develop neonatal conjunctivitis due to reactions with chemicals in these common eye drops. [10]
The American Ophthalmology Society names its most prestigious award—the Lucien Howe Medal after him. Howe was a catalyst in New York State for an 1890 statute sometimes called "The Howe Law," requiring application of silver nitrate drops in the eyes of newborns as a disinfectant to prevent neonatal infection and possible blindness. [3]
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[50] [51] The original procedure called for a 2% silver nitrate solution administered immediately after birth, as Credé erroneously believed that a 1% solution was ineffective due to a previous study by Hecker; however, this was eventually corrected and reduced back down to a 1% solution to reduce chemical irritation to the newborn's eyes. [51 ...
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Long-term exposure may cause eye damage. Silver nitrate is known to be a skin and eye irritant. Silver nitrate has not been thoroughly investigated for potential carcinogenic effect. [29] Silver nitrate is currently unregulated in water sources by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.