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  2. Water jacket furnace (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_jacket_furnace...

    A water jacket furnace can be used to reduce non-ferrous oxide ores mixed with coke, to produce metal and slag. When smelting lead, the feedstock is lead oxide, coke and fluxes. When smelting lead sulphide ores, the ore is first sintered to form a lead oxide sinter. Lead and silver ores often occur in the same ore body.

  3. Smelting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smelting

    Electric phosphate smelting furnace in a TVA chemical plant (1942) Smelting is a process of applying heat and a chemical reducing agent to an ore to extract a desired base metal product. [1] It is a form of extractive metallurgy that is used to obtain many metals such as iron, copper, silver, tin, lead and zinc.

  4. Blast furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast_furnace

    A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper. Blast refers to the combustion air being supplied above atmospheric pressure .

  5. Ferrous metallurgy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy

    Iron smelting—the extraction of usable metal from oxidized iron ores—is more difficult than tin and copper smelting. While these metals and their alloys can be cold-worked or melted in relatively simple furnaces (such as the kilns used for pottery ) and cast into molds, smelted iron requires hot-working and can be melted only in specially ...

  6. Kemondo Iron Age Sites - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemondo_Iron_Age_Sites

    Smelting furnaces were abundant, although recent farming practices in the core of the industrial site had disturbed some furnaces. The KM3 furnaces are more consistent in design and contents than the KM2 furnace pits. The furnace bowls are larger and more regular in size than the KM2 furnaces, with a mean diameter of 113.8 cm (44.8 in), ranging ...

  7. Cupola furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupola_furnace

    During the Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD), most, if not all, iron smelted in the blast furnace was remelted in a cupola furnace; it was designed so that a cold blast injected at the bottom traveled through tuyere pipes across the top where the charge (i.e. of charcoal and scrap or pig iron) was dumped, the air becoming a hot blast before ...

  8. Foundry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundry

    Furnace choice is dependent on the alloy system quantities produced. For ferrous materials EAFs, cupolas, and induction furnaces are commonly used. Reverberatory and crucible furnaces are common for producing aluminium, bronze, and brass castings. Furnace design is a complex process, and the design can be optimized based on multiple factors.

  9. Reverberatory furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverberatory_furnace

    Reverberatory furnaces (in this context, usually called air furnaces) were formerly also used for melting brass, bronze, and pig iron for foundry work. They were also, for the first 75 years of the 20th century, the dominant smelting furnace used in copper production, treating either roasted calcine or raw copper sulfide concentrate. [1]

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