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Adverse effects to monobactams can include skin rash and occasional abnormal liver functions. [citation needed]Monobactam antibiotics exhibit no IgE cross-reactivity reactions with penicillin but have shown some cross reactivity with cephalosporins, most notably ceftazidime, which contains an identical side chain as aztreonam. [8]
Flucloxacillin is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the penicillin group of antibiotics. [8] [27] It works by breaking down the bacterial cell wall. [27] Like other β-lactam antibiotics, flucloxacillin acts by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.
Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic derived from a bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, and acts against bacteria through the inhibition of cell wall synthesis. [6] It does this by inhibiting the removal of phosphate from lipid compounds, thus deactivating its function to transport peptidoglycan; the main component of bacterial cell membranes, to the microbial cell wall.
Glycopeptide antibiotics are a class of drugs of microbial origin that are composed of glycosylated cyclic or polycyclic nonribosomal peptides.Significant glycopeptide antibiotics include the anti-infective antibiotics vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, ramoplanin, avoparcin and decaplanin, corbomycin, complestatin and the antitumor antibiotic bleomycin.
β-Lactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, [ 6 ] especially in gram-positive organisms, being the outermost and primary component of the wall.
Common side effects include vertigo, vomiting, numbness of the face, fever, and rash. [3] Use during pregnancy may result in permanent deafness in the developing baby. [3] Use appears to be safe while breastfeeding. [4] It is not recommended in people with myasthenia gravis or other neuromuscular disorders. [4] Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside ...
Prevents bacterial cell division by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. Carbapenems; Ertapenem: Invanz: Bactericidal for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms and therefore useful for empiric broad-spectrum antibacterial coverage. (Notes: MRSA resistance to this class. All are active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa except ertapenem.)
Isoniazid is a prodrug that inhibits the formation of the mycobacterial cell wall. Isoniazid must be activated by KatG, a bacterial catalase-peroxidase enzyme in Mycobacterium tuberculosis . [ 43 ] KatG catalyzes the formation of the isonicotinic acyl radical, which spontaneously couples with NADH to form the nicotinoyl-NAD adduct.