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Parsons' programming puzzles became known as Parsons puzzles [2] and then Parsons problems. [3] Parsons problems have become popular as they are easier to grade than written code while capturing the students problem solving ability shown in a code creation process.
The Fifteen puzzle can be solved in 80 single-tile moves [6] or 43 multi-tile moves [7] in the worst case. For its generalization the n-puzzle, the problem of finding an optimal solution is NP-hard, [8] so it is not known whether there is a practical God's algorithm.
In 1897, a slightly different form of the puzzle was printed in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, in a column by Sam Loyd. [2] Another early, printed version of Number Link can be found in Henry Ernest Dudeney 's book Amusements in mathematics (1917) as a puzzle for motorists (puzzle no. 252). [ 3 ]
A typical Sudoku puzzle. A standard Sudoku contains 81 cells, in a 9×9 grid, and has 9 boxes, each box being the intersection of the first, middle, or last 3 rows, and the first, middle, or last 3 columns. Each cell may contain a number from one to nine, and each number can only occur once in each row, column, and box.
Robot in a wooden maze. A maze-solving algorithm is an automated method for solving a maze.The random mouse, wall follower, Pledge, and Trémaux's algorithms are designed to be used inside the maze by a traveler with no prior knowledge of the maze, whereas the dead-end filling and shortest path algorithms are designed to be used by a person or computer program that can see the whole maze at once.
In the game The 7th Guest, the 8th Puzzle: "The Queen's Dilemma" in the game room of the Stauf mansion is the de facto eight queens puzzle. [ 29 ] : 48–49, 289–290 In the game Professor Layton and the Curious Village , the 130th puzzle: "Too Many Queens 5" ( クイーンの問題5 ) is an eight queens puzzle.
Hashiwokakero (橋をかけろ Hashi o kakero; lit. "build bridges!") is a type of logic puzzle published by Nikoli. [1] It has also been published in English under the name Bridges or Chopsticks (based on a mistranslation: the hashi of the title, 橋, means bridge; hashi written with another character, 箸, means chopsticks).
Shinro (しんろ) is a logic-based puzzle that has similarities to Sudoku and Minesweeper. The objective is to locate 12 hidden 'Holes' on an 8×8 grid. The board contains a variable number of arrows, each of which points to at least one Hole. A count of the number of Holes is given for each Row and Column.