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Many of the metallurgical skills developed in the Bronze Age were still in use during Roman times. Melting—the process of using heat to separate slag and metal, smelting—using a reduced oxygen heated environment to separate metal oxides into metal and carbon dioxide, roasting—process of using an oxygen rich environment to isolate sulphur ...
The process had to be repeated up to 15 times when high-quality steel was needed, as for a sword. The alternative was to carburize the surface of a finished product. Each welding's heat oxidises some carbon, so the master smith had to make sure enough carbon was in the starting mixture.
The Roman West Country (1976) Elkington H.D.H. The Development of the Mining of Lead in the Iberian Peninsula and Britain under the Roman Empire. Durham University Library (1968) Jones G. D. B., I. J. Blakey, and E. C. F. MacPherson, Dolaucothi: the Roman aqueduct, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 19 (1960): 71-84 and plates III-V.
Pont du Gard (1st century AD), over the Gardon in southern France, is one of the masterpieces of Roman technology. Ancient Roman technology is the collection of techniques, skills, methods, processes, and engineering practices which supported Roman civilization and made possible the expansion of the economy and military of ancient Rome (753 BC – 476 AD).
An ancient Roman quarry near the city of Carthago Nova Ancient Roman open-pit mine in Slovenia. The Romans usually built quarries near the seas or rivers. [31] [35] Upon finding an adequate place for a quarry, the rock was withered away, usually through trial trenching. Afterwards, a line of holes would be chiseled into the rock surface, and ...
This process is long and tedious, but a good polisher was of great value to the swordsmith and was often paid well. After the sword was polished, the fine tip could be sharpened. The sharpness of a sword, and ability to keep that edge, is based on the angle of the edge and the width of the body of the sword.
Ferrous metallurgy is the metallurgy of iron and its alloys. The earliest surviving prehistoric iron artifacts, from the 4th millennium BC in Egypt , [ 1 ] were made from meteoritic iron-nickel . [ 2 ]
Reconstruction of a 10.4 m (34 ft) high Roman Polyspastos in Germany. The ancient Romans were famous for their advanced engineering accomplishments. Technology for bringing running water into cities was developed in the east, [clarification needed] but transformed by the Romans into a technology inconceivable in Greece.